The Klaipėda Region (Lithuanian: Klaipėdos kraštas) or Memel Territory (German: Memelland or Memelgebiet; French: Territoire de Memel) was defined by the Treaty of Versailles in 1920 when it was put under the administration of the Council of Ambassadors. The Memel Territory together with Saar and Danzig were put under the control of the League of Nations and the people of these regions would be allowed to vote to stay in Germany or not in a future referendum.
The original Scalovian and Curonian territory was conquered around 1252 by the Teutonic Knights, who constructed Memelburg ("Memel Castle") and the city of Memel (now KlaipÄ—da). In 1422, a border was drawn up between Prussia and Lithuania under the Treaty of Melno, and this border existed up to 1918.
The then predominantly ethnic German (other ethnic groups, Prussian Lithuanians and Memellanders constituted the other ethnic groups) Memel Territory, situated between the river and the town of that name, was occupied by Lithuania in the "KlaipÄ—da Revolt" of 1923, annexed by Nazi Germany in March, 1939 and immediately reintegrated into East Prussia, annexed by Soviet Union in 1946 and made a part of the Lithuanian SSR in 1948. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, it has been part of the Republic of Lithuania and contained within KlaipÄ—da and TauragÄ— Counties. The border, that was established by the Treaty of Versailles along the river, remains in effect as the current boundary between Lithuania and the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia.
Source: CIA Factbook, Wikipedia
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